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Robert I, Duke of Normandy
Robert the Magnificent ((フランス語:le Magnifique))〔He was also, although erroneously, said to have been called 'Robert the Devil' ((フランス語:le Diable)). Robert I was never known by the nickname 'the devil' in his lifetime. 'Robert the Devil' was a fictional character who was confused with Robert I, Duke of Normandy sometime near the end of the Middle Ages. See: François Neveux, ''A Brief History of the Normans'', trans. Howard Curtis (Constable & Robinson, Ltd. London, 2008), p. 97 & n. 5.〕 (22 June 1000 – 1–3 July 1035), was the Duke of Normandy from 1027 until his death. Owing to uncertainty over the numbering of the Dukes of Normandy he is usually called Robert I, but sometimes Robert II with his ancestor Rollo as Robert I. He was the father of William the Conqueror who became in 1066 King of England and founded the House of Normandy.
== Life ==
He was the son of Richard II of Normandy and Judith, daughter of Conan I, Duke of Brittany. He was also grandson of Richard I of Normandy, great-grandson of William I of Normandy and great-great grandson of Rollo, the Viking who founded Normandy. Before he died, Richard II had decided his elder son Richard III would succeed him while his second son Robert would become Count of Hiémois.〔''The Gesta Normannorum Ducum of William of Jumieges, Orderic Vitalis, and Robert of Torigni'', Vol. II, Books V-VIII, ed. Elisabeth M.C. Van Houts (Clarendon Press, Oxford, 1995), pp. 40–1〕 In August 1026 their father, Richard II, died and Richard III became duke, but very soon afterwards Robert rebelled against his brother, was subsequently defeated and forced to swear fealty to his older brother Richard.〔David Crouch, ''The Normans, The History of a Dynasty'' (Hambledon Continuum, London, New York, 2002), p. 46〕
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